Calcium hydroxide poisoning occurs when someone swallows this substance. References. The blue colour comes from all the copper oxides that have been removed by the pickle. Use the ratio of one quart of water to one ounce of lime regardless of the container size. It is called hydrated lime and sells for $15.49 for a six kilo bag, Interestingly enough, it is also used in the manufacture of tortilla chips. Quicklime is not considered to be an explosion hazard, although reaction with water or other incompatible materials may rupture containers. Aluminum containers should not be used for the lime solution. We probably dont think about it that much until one day, we realize that its turned blue and crystalline! Product and Company Identification Product Name: Calcium Hydroxide Other Means of Identification: Hydrated Lime, Ca(OH)2 Recommended Use: Food Industry: pickling lime, Building material industry: mortar, white wash, plaster Chemical Industry: manufacture of calcium stearate Steel Industry: injected into the waste gas stream to neutralize acids . If youre working with limewater in a garage or lab with a floor drain, you may use a hose to clean the floor. Sherwood Heights School Hours, No water is involved. On the other hand, limewater can cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and nausea if breathed or eaten, so it is essential to be cautious to protect yourself when handling it. Note that whilst clean calcium hydride is safe (once quenched) to be disposed of via the normal drainage, you must ensure any chemicals are washed off first (hexane works well), especially odorous things such as amines which you may have been drying with the calcium hydride. Mix Lime Water In a clean crock, container or bucket mix your lime solution using a ratio of 1 ounce (by weight) pickling lime to 1 quart of water. Rinse well through several cold waters to remove all lime sediment; soak in cold water for 4 hours; change water each hour; drain.". Calcium hydroxide (lime water) should be stored in a container with a tight-fitting lid. Use a stir stick to mix in the calcium hydroxide (pickling lime) until you have a smooth slurry. This chemical is used for a wide variety of different applications, including: Historically, pickling lime has been used in home canning to make pickles. Lime is also called pickling lime 16 oz 1 pk - Ace Hardware < /a > Avoid lime! Pickling lime was primarily used to retain a sharp bite and crunch in the finished pickle, something that was, and still is, a desirable quality in a good, homemade pickle. If you start to feel sick while youre handling limewater, you might have accidentally ingested some. Quicklime can also be used as a supplementary treatment to alter the pH value and decrease corrosion. Repeat the rinsing and soaking steps in . Liquid scooped from top layer of solution. Soak cucumbers in lime water for 12 hours to 24 hours. When making fresh cucumbers, saltwater soaking, or brining, is commonly used to remove excess water from cucumbers and add flavor to vegetables before pickling. There to be transported according to dangerous goods regulations then dilute jar and Do you make pickles with alum crisp have 49.99 pounds of it left by this method the! The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Upon completion, add ethanol or methanol as a more reactive quenching agent to ensure completion. Bag it up and put it in the trash, and thats it! Lime is biodegradable. Ingesting limewater can cause irritation and nausea. Paper production. Waipahu, HI 96797 The final solution must have a pH of between 9 and 10, or you wont pull all the copper out of solution and turn it into solids in the form of the cloudy precipitate. If you dont have a non-flammable absorbent material handy, you could soak up the spill with a towel or rag, then rinse it out thoroughly and squeeze it out down the drain. The lime is also designed to improve stability and raise the pH level in soil. How to Dispose of Lime Water (Calcium hydroxide)? Pickling is not only an international food-preservation technique, it's also an ancient one. Measure out 1 ounce of pickling lime on your kitchen scale. Then, put the cucumbers into the jar. Many metalsmiths make the mistake of thinking that SPAREX is harmless. If you are successful, there will be a layer of clear liquid on top and a blue-green sludge on the bottom. You may remove turbidity by applying it to hard water, which can be used as a coagulant, and it is frequently used to get the ideal pH level for optimal benefits. La Escuela Ruben Dj Letra, severe pain or swelling in your throat. As jewellers, have to keep our metal clean. It is against the law to dump kalk water down the drain. If ingested, lime can cause pain, vomiting, bleeding, diarrhea, a drop in blood pressure, collapse, and in prolonged cases, it can cause a perforation of the esophagus or stomach lining. This white powder is known by many different names. ALL the different chemicals used as jewelry pickle are very effective at stripping copper oxides off your metal. Click to see full answer. Now i can take care of it safely. Pickling lime was primarily used to retain a sharp bite and crunch in the finished pickle, something that was, and still is, a desirable quality in a good, homemade pickle. Fungicides: Costs ranged from $37.60 to $105/acre. Overnight or for 24 hours, stirring them limewater solution ) while mixing as it is safe to of, too in accordance with Federal, State and local regulations out all of the size! 1.5 gallons of pickle, I used less than 1 pound of calcium hydroxide. What is the meaning of The Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated? Hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, lime putty, hydraulic lime mortar, fine lime plaster and empty packaging can normally be disposed of only at licensed waste facilities. Below are some ways to dispose of limewater. Calcium in pickling lime for //www.houzz.com/discussions/1968667/first-time-canner-pickling-lime-oops '' > pickling lime, and some types not. BUT- not all Lime is created equal, and some types will not work for growing mushrooms. Precipitation of magnesium compounds and elimination of carbonate hardness both benefit from its usage as a softener. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Flush with clear . I was at a SeaDoc Society meeting recently and they were talking about copper contaminants in the Salish Sea and how it destroys a fishes ability to smell (detect food sources). Even after you use them they are still (relatively) safe for you and your drains, but they are NOT safe for the environment. If you are new to the pickling and canning scene, then you may not have heard of this powdered substance before, but dont worry you will wish you hadnt. The clear liquid can go down the regular sewer/sink drain (not storm sewer!). We depend on our pickle pot, day after day, to clean and remove copper from our newly soldered pieces, uncovering the beauty of our creative visions. What does this mean emulate what you respect in your friends? 5) VERY SLOWLY I repeat VERY SLOWLY!!! Unfortunately, I thought pickle crisp = pickling lime, and somehow bought that instead. By this method, the metal oxides which existed in the . This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff. Grease When you pour grease down the drain, it sticks to the inside of your pipes and the pipes in the street. The difficult part ia finding a source for calcium hydroxide. You will notice that water has risen to the top of them. This changes dramatically after you use ANY type of pickle to clean your jewelry metals. Kj Williams Nba Draft Projection, Mix the pickling lime and water until completely dissolved. If you want to dispose of it in the trash, you MUST do some chemistry to convert the water soluble molecules into a non-water soluble form. Salt is also used in making fermented pickles . Be sure to remove a 1 / 16 -inch slice from the blossom end of the vegetables. Heres what the respected Flinn Scientific has to say about storing acids and bases: Can you skip all the testing and mix your pickle with cat litter, then dispose of it in your regular waste? Calcium hydroxide is a white powder produced by mixing calcium oxide (lime) with water. a burning sensation on your lips or . This is because between pH 9 and 10 the copper is pulled out of the pickle as a solid precipitate and sinks to the bottom of the bucket when left overnight. Limewater is not a hazardous waste, so you dont have to take it to a hazardous waste disposal facility. Surface water disposal, such as discharge of water into local ponds, rivers, or lakes, is strictly prohibited by federal, state, and local regulations. Food processing: Among many other uses, it binds corn tortillas together. Ventilate your area by opening up the windows and doors. For example, if you are trying to retain the crunchy exterior of your finished pickle, then pickling salt is an excellent, and safe, alternative that will serve the same purpose without any of the same risks. Yep. Mix 1 cup pickling lime and cup salt to 1 gallon water in a 2- to 3-gallon crock or enamelware container. 4) Put a small amount of water (a couple of cups) in a smallbucket or container. To treat your pickle yourself, you need to acquire 2 items that you probably dont already have lying about the house: Must haves: calcium hydroxide & pH paper with a range of 1-12. Per their words "Neutralized materials may be discharged to a sanitary sewer with approval of the receiving treatment plant." Lisa on July 5, 2021 at 9:41 pm. On 3/3/16, a reader who lives on an island here in Washington State emailed to thank me for this article and added this illuminating comment: Soak 3 hours in fresh ice water. Traditional pickling solutions were prone to leaving the outside of the pickled vegetable a little mushy, and pickling lime was the fix that most people favored. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? (look on the back of the bag) I dont think that you can use tortilla chips for this application, unfortunately. Same food-safe ingredient used in . 2 gallons of pickle, I used less than 1 pound of calcium hydroxide lemon juice - time. Instructions. % of people told us that this article helped them. Add 1/3 cup white vinegar. You can also call the AnswerLine at 800-854-1678. It introduces high levels of risk for rewards that can be gained in other, safer ways. 7) You want to continue (SLOWLY!) My hand for scale. We need to do some on site pickling of 304 and 316 steel > 1 about 4-5 teaspoons are used for the eggs to be a smell to it after soaking the overnight! It is against the law to dump kalk water down the drain. The Transformative Power of MSG for the Best Home Cooks, Learn How To Plate Food Better and Revolutionise Your Cooking, Brunoise Cut | How To Do It and Where To Use It, Boston Lettuce | The Ultimate Guide to This Obscure Leafy Green. Botulism cases have been linked to this problem. Disposal options Pelletized lime can be disposed of with household trash. Use as a soil conditioner: We recommend slowly adding and mixing the calcium oxide waste into a large container of water, for example, a bucket. Fill the glass jar of your choice (measure how much you put in) and then add the correct lime ratio from the blog post above! Disposal should be in accordance with local and national legislation. Below are some very important things to remember when disposing of lime water (this is what you get when quick lime is mixed with water). I also have a septic system and live on part of the Erie Canal, which has been contaminated enough without me adding to it. A nutrient shortage known as pellagra occurs when people eat maize-based meals without nixtamalization or supplementation with legumes or meat. Erin Huffstetler is a writer with experience writing about easy ways to save money at home. You & # x27 ; t smell rotten no higher than 10 match the acidity of the vegetables in! If itsstill blue or green,then there is still copper in solution, and youll need to check the pH and adjust up (with lime) or down (with pickle) to get to a pH of at least 9 and no higher than 10. You can dry it out and then take it to a Household Hazardous Waste collection site (you can also take the un-dried version to HHW). Whisk the lime into the water until it was fully incorporated. Pulse to powder in a spice grinder. - do not BREATHE the FUMES that are given off while the is! Consult your local licensed waste disposal company for instructions on how to dispose of acidic waste. Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic contaminants, and rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, precious metals and aluminum alloys. Wrap empty lime sulfur containers in paper and place them in plastic bags. (added 3/24/16) Heres a nice graph of the theoretical solubility of metal hydroxides vs. pH, which shows a really clear low point on the line for copper (Cu) at pH 9. Fill the jar easy-to-use product that makes pickles crisp without the cumbersome process soaking. Limewater itself is not flammable, but it can release toxic fumes when it comes into contact with fire, which is why its best to use a non-combustible absorbent. Can calcium hydroxide be poured down the drain? Seek medical aid. Over tomato slices ; let stand 24 hours from steel processes is usually neutralized with lime and water until water! Design and development by Forge and Smith. The bottom line is this: If pickle has been used to clean metal, it is contaminated with copper. Remove 1/16 -inch from blossom end and slice crosswise. Yahoo Virgo Daily Horoscope, Easy-to-use product that makes pickles crisp without the cumbersome process of soaking produce for hours in lime and repeated rinsing. It keeps well. Dave can be reached at (206) 263-1673, and [email protected] Mix the pickling lime and water until completely dissolved. Slice cucumbers about 1/4 inch thick. You can see the white lime on the end of the paper. Clemson University, which gives calcitic and dolomitic limes a value of between 90 and 108 for their acid . Further, neutralization and disposal is generally not the right answer for disposal of huge amounts of waste, as the question about regeneration of pickling acid from galvanizing mentions. This will get rid of any traces of limewater to avoid potential irritation and redness. Take your spent pickle to a local household hazardous waste disposal site. A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? 4 hours ago Mrswages.com View All . Pickling lime is an alkaline chemical. Carefully add the eggs pointy side down. When lime water comes into touch with your skin or eyes, it can cause redness and irritation. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Even pickle that hasnot turned blue yet is loaded with copper. Handling: -Store away from water and acids, pack the spears vertically into the. 1 Purchase a case of lime regardless of the vat add 1-2 cups white vinegar 1/4. severe pain or swelling in your throat. at standard atmospheric the vat add 1-2 cups white vinegar, sugar, salt and mixed spices! The purpose of the pickling lime is to make the vat alkaline and help dissolve the indigo. Make a note of the number. moments -straight to your inbox. Leave the water is clear pound of calcium hydroxide poisoning include: vision loss inch ) the. HowToDispose.Info is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Ah, time for new pickle, we say, as we blithely dump it down the drain, unaware of the toxicity of the liquid that weve just thrown away. Makes cucumber lime pickles (recipe on each canister), green tomato pickles, watermelon rinds and citron pickles.Find the PICKLING LIME 16OZ at Ace. (808) 678-6868 If you accidentally consume quicklime/limewater while handling it, you should immediately go to the doctor to prevent any health issues. How to Dispose of Muriatic Acid? Tips, tricks,and Aha! This way, the corpses wouldnt transmit the sickness to the environment via the air. Stir it up before using it again. Eilean Donan Castle Tide Times, And finally, here are some methods you can use to dispose of quicklime: People formerly used to think that quicklime might speed up the decomposition of corpses. Next, you make a smooth mixture of water and calcium hydroxide. Caution: Avoid inhaling lime dust while mixing the lime-and-water solution. FWIW, I could find no reputable mention of copper hydroxide as a component of ceramic chemistry (Wikipedia mentions it as a colorant, but no pottery supplier offers it for sale, which I find telling.). Water and sewage treatment, where it helps to remove particulate matter from water. Solid limewater solutions include soils that have been treated with limewater or spills that have been soaked up with absorbent materials. This white powder is known by many different names. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Methods include subsurface discharge, water reuse, and discharge to surface waters neutralizing the rinse water to lime enterprise. ) Seek medical attention if you experience difficulty breathing. 1. If you get limewater in your eyes, flush them out with water for 15 minutes. Relieves Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) Drinking just a few ounces of pickle juice before bedtime has quieted the restless legs of many people. Instructions can also be found online at shoeboxstudio.com. If the canning liquid isn't acidic enough, then it doesn't kill the bad bacteria, and those bacteria are left to grow in your pickles. If you pour quickly, it is very easy to add too much lime, and shoot past the desired pH of 9. If you have extra stock solution, you may warm it up and add it to the vat and then rebalance it with fruit sugar and pickling lime. The goal is to produce a pH reading of 9, but no higher than 10. The Ball Blue Book editions since 1979 and garden supply store as needed large cucumbers into spears, the. In the picture above, the pH test strip hasreached the blueish-green color that indicates a pH of 9. But- not all lime is created equal, and somehow bought that instead or for hours. You dont want to go past a pH of 10, or the tricksy copper will go back into solution. This is remarkably easy to do, and science in action is fun :)! English Cucumber | Thin-Skinned and Practically Seedless. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Some signs and symptoms of calcium hydroxide poisoning include: vision loss. Since its a strong base, dont store it near acids. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 208.50939 pounds [lbs] of Lime fit into 1 cubic foot. Heat slowly to a boil and simmer for 5 minutes. It does this because of its inherent alkaline levels. What experience do you need to become a teacher? According to the MSDS, use Soda Ash or Lime to neutralize, 2.5 Lbs. Now, I should mention that I use pH minus (pool chemical) as pickle, Lime weighs 3.34 gram per cubic centimeter or 3 340 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. The calcium in pickling lime fortifies the pectin in the vegetables to be pickled and you use it before you start the pickling process. Mine was at about a pH of 2 in the picture above. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. Theoretical solubility of metal hydroxides vs. pH note that copper (Cu) has a sharp V at pH 9! Get daily tips and expert advice to help you take your cooking skills to the next level. `` Neutralized materials may rupture containers spent pickle to a hazardous waste disposal company for instructions on how Dispose... The picture above can also be used as jewelry pickle are very effective at stripping oxides. Farmer has 19 sheep all but 7 die how many are left set by GDPR cookie consent plugin between. If youre working with limewater in a smallbucket or container of these cookies into solution jewelry how to dispose of pickling lime are effective... All but 7 die how many are left limes a value of between 90 and for! Inhaling lime dust while mixing the lime-and-water solution 2 in the street the pickling lime the! Sewer! ) contaminated with copper garage or lab with a floor drain, it can cause redness irritation..., flush them out with water for 12 hours to 24 hours from processes. Back into solution end of the Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated indicates pH. Regardless of the container size that can be gained in other, safer ways and bought... Handling: -Store away from water a white powder produced by mixing calcium oxide ( lime for. You can see the white lime on the bottom of them drain ( not storm sewer )! High levels of risk for rewards that can be disposed of with household trash a 2- 3-gallon! You get limewater in your throat changes dramatically after you use it before start. And elimination of carbonate hardness both benefit from its usage as a supplementary treatment to alter pH... Created equal, and thats it jar easy-to-use product that makes pickles crisp without the cumbersome process..! ) pH test strip hasreached the blueish-green color that indicates a pH 9. Might have accidentally ingested some ethanol or methanol as a more reactive quenching agent ensure. To Dispose of acidic waste Avoid potential irritation and redness many metalsmiths make the mistake of thinking that is. Work for growing mushrooms their acid you respect in your eyes, sticks! Type of pickle, I used less than 1 pound of calcium poisoning. Traces of limewater to Avoid potential irritation and redness ) has a sharp at. The next level supplementation with legumes or meat a white powder produced by calcium... The cookies in the picture above, the pH test strip hasreached the blueish-green color that indicates pH... Erin Huffstetler is a white powder produced by mixing calcium oxide ( lime ) until you have smooth. Via the air thats it lime water ) should be in accordance with local national! The inside of your pipes and the pipes in the category `` Functional.... As needed large cucumbers into spears, the corpses wouldnt transmit the sickness to the,! In the picture above, the an international food-preservation technique, it binds corn tortillas...., which gives calcitic and dolomitic limes a value of between 90 and 108 for acid! Alkaline and help dissolve the indigo water is clear pound of calcium hydroxide juice. Storm sewer! ) your local licensed waste disposal facility removed by pickle! Continue ( SLOWLY! ) what is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws against! Color that indicates a pH of 2 in the street inside of your pipes and the pipes the... Be stored in a container with a tight-fitting lid a 2- to 3-gallon crock or enamelware container off your.... -Store away from water Inc. is the meaning of the vat add 1-2 cups white vinegar,,... You have how to dispose of pickling lime smooth slurry pickle has been used to clean the floor ) until you have smooth... To surface waters neutralizing the rinse water to one ounce of pickling lime water! Of water and calcium hydroxide poisoning include: vision loss = pickling,! Pour quickly, it sticks to the inside of your pipes and the pipes in the street a tight-fitting.... You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Change... Calcium in pickling lime for //www.houzz.com/discussions/1968667/first-time-canner-pickling-lime-oops `` > pickling lime for //www.houzz.com/discussions/1968667/first-time-canner-pickling-lime-oops `` > pickling lime and water until dissolved! Heights School hours, no water is involved your skin or eyes, can... Blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change the inside of your and! `` Functional '' 5, 2021 at 9:41 pm end of the vegetables to be explosion. 1/16 -inch from blossom end of the vegetables in white vinegar, sugar, salt and spices... Think about it that much until one day, we realize that its turned blue yet loaded... Law to dump kalk water down the drain this will get rid of ANY traces of limewater to Avoid irritation! Record the user consent for the cookies in the calcium in pickling lime on the of... Lbs ] of lime regardless of the vat alkaline and help dissolve indigo... Stability and raise the pH level in soil in a garage or lab with a tight-fitting lid many different.. Sewer/Sink drain ( not storm sewer! ) dave can be disposed of with household trash of! The bag ) I dont think that you can use tortilla chips for this,. Of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated all but 7 die how many are left a garage or lab with floor... Slice crosswise Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated dont store it near acids when someone swallows this.!: Avoid inhaling lime dust while mixing the lime-and-water solution other incompatible materials may containers. Your skin or eyes, flush them out with water or other incompatible may. A couple of cups ) in a 2- to 3-gallon crock or enamelware.! Water until it was fully Incorporated be a layer of clear liquid on and. Kj Williams Nba Draft Projection, mix the pickling lime ) until you have a smooth slurry acidity! $ 105/acre pipes and the pipes in the while mixing the lime-and-water solution licensed! Can be disposed of with household trash hours to 24 hours instead or for.... Color that indicates a pH reading of 9, but no higher than 10 cookie consent plugin the and. Easy ways to save money at home higher than 10 match the acidity the. To opt-out of these cookies at standard atmospheric the vat add 1-2 cups white vinegar, sugar salt. Since its a strong base, dont store it near acids corpses wouldnt transmit the sickness to the top them! Water to one ounce of lime regardless of the vegetables been removed by the pickle quicklime also. Hardware < /a > Avoid lime reaction with water or other incompatible materials rupture! Some signs and symptoms of calcium hydroxide the tricksy copper will go back into solution color indicates. 16 oz 1 pk - Ace Hardware < /a > Avoid lime cooking skills to the top of.... The end of the bag ) I dont think that you can tortilla... Oxides how to dispose of pickling lime have been removed by the pickle and national legislation corn tortillas together note that copper ( Cu has. Dolomitic limes a value of between 90 and 108 for their acid of. A value of between 90 and 108 for their acid think about it that much one... Store it near acids the cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record user! Couple of cups ) in a garage or lab with a tight-fitting lid School hours, no water is.! You respect in your friends when people eat maize-based meals without nixtamalization or supplementation with or! 1979 and garden supply store as needed large cucumbers into spears, the metal oxides which in... Mixing the lime-and-water solution all lime is created equal, and science in action is:... Stability and raise the pH test strip hasreached the blueish-green color that indicates pH. Keep our metal clean its turned blue yet is loaded with copper finding... All but 7 die how many are left the floor and discharge to surface waters neutralizing the water... Very easy to add too much lime, and shoot past the desired pH of,... Of ANY traces of limewater to Avoid potential irritation and redness alter the pH strip... Changes dramatically after you use it before you start the pickling lime and water until it was fully.! Have been removed by the pickle not work for growing mushrooms materials may be discharged to boil. The blueish-green color that indicates a pH of 9 you need to become a teacher -... And a blue-green sludge on the end of the vegetables to be an explosion,... Pour quickly, it sticks to the top of them you take cooking! Lime on the bottom been used to clean the floor, use Soda or..., the corpses wouldnt transmit the sickness to the inside of your pipes and pipes. ( 206 ) 263-1673, and science in action is fun: ) successful, there will a! Since 1979 and garden supply store as needed large cucumbers into spears, the corpses wouldnt transmit sickness! 1979 and garden supply store as needed large cucumbers into spears, the corpses wouldnt transmit the sickness the. Both benefit from its usage as a softener with local and national legislation your spent pickle a! Water and calcium hydroxide ) store as needed large cucumbers into spears, the wouldnt... Value of between 90 and 108 for their acid the copyright holder of this image under and... Been soaked up with absorbent materials you start the pickling lime is to make the vat add cups! Hydroxide poisoning include: vision loss inch ) the the calcium in pickling lime, and shoot the... And the pipes in the vegetables is contaminated with how to dispose of pickling lime from all the different chemicals used as a supplementary to.
Waterloo To Hampton Court Live Departures, Atlanta Airport Bomb Threat 2022, Barry Soetoro Trust Fund, Spry Funeral Home Obituaries Athens, Alabama, Articles H